2008年4月10日星期四

2008.04.10 Part3 [打通任督二脈,見龍卸甲的敗筆,舌戰群儒2,辯論技巧]

打通任督二脈,見龍卸甲的敗筆,舌戰群儒2,辯論技巧

2008年04月10日
主持:蕭若元、黎則奮(Q仔)、白戶則道、Eddie、梁國雄(長毛)

黃公望《富春山居圖》

2007.04.12 Part3 [ .....清明上河圖,唐伯虎真跡 ]
http://shiushiupod.blogspot.com/2007/04/20070412-part3-part3.html


評見龍卸甲的失敗01


評見龍卸甲的失敗02


舌戰群儒2


第四十三回 諸葛亮舌戰群儒 魯子敬力排眾議

.....

這一篇言語,說得張昭並無一言回答。座上忽一人抗聲問曰:「今曹公兵屯百萬,將列千員,龍驤虎視,平吞江夏,公以為何如?」孔明視之,乃虞翻也。孔明曰:「曹操收袁紹蟻聚之兵,劫劉表烏合之眾,雖數百萬不足懼也。」虞翻冷笑曰:「軍敗於當陽,計窮於夏口,區區求救於人,而猶言不懼,此真大言欺人也!」孔明曰:「劉豫州以數千仁義之師,安能敵百萬殘暴之眾,退守夏口,所以待時也。今江東兵精糧足,且有長江之險,猶欲使其主屈膝降賊,不顧天下恥笑;由此論之,劉豫州真不懼操賊者矣!」
  虞翻不能對。座間又一人問曰:「孔明欲效儀、秦之舌,遊說東吳耶?」孔明視之,乃步騭也。孔明曰:「步子山以蘇秦、張儀為辯士,不知蘇秦、張儀亦豪傑也。蘇秦佩六國相卬,張儀兩次相秦,皆有匡扶人國之謀,非比畏強凌弱,懼刀避劍之人也。君等聞曹操虛發詐偽之詞,便畏懼請降,敢笑蘇秦、張儀乎?」
  步騭默默然無語。忽一人問曰:「孔明以操何如人也。」孔明視其人,乃薛綜也。孔明答曰:「曹操乃漢賊也,又何必問?」綜曰:「公言差矣。漢歷傳至今,天數將終。今曹公已有天下三分之二,人皆歸心。劉豫州不識天時,強欲與爭,正如以卵擊石,安得不敗乎?」孔明厲聲曰:「薛敬文安得出此無父無君之言乎!夫人生天地間,以忠孝為立身之本。公既為漢臣,則見有不臣之人,當誓共戮之,臣之道也。今曹操祖宗叨食漢祿,不思報效,反懷纂逆之心,天下之所共憤。公乃以天數歸之,真無父無君之人也!不足與語!請勿復言!」
  薛綜滿面羞慚,不能對答。座上又一人應聲問曰:「曹操雖挾天子以令諸侯,猶是相國曹參之後。劉豫州雖雲中山靖王苗裔,卻無可稽考,眼見只是織蓆販屨之夫耳,何足與曹操抗衡哉!」孔明視之,乃陸績也。孔明笑曰:「公非袁術座間懷橘之陸郎乎?請安坐聽吾一言。曹操既為曹相國之後,則世為漢臣矣;今乃專權肆橫,欺凌君父,是不惟無君,亦且蔑祖;不惟漢室之亂臣,亦曹氏之賊子也!劉豫州堂堂帝冑,當今皇帝,按譜賜爵,何雲無可稽考?且高祖起身亭長,而終有天下;織蓆販屨,又何足為辱乎?公小兒之見,不足與高士共語!」


10分鐘反擊西方對中國的人權攻擊!
http://schweinchenfisch.spaces.live.com/blog/cns!2A499090DA3E9EFF!963.entry?wa=wsignin1.0

在2007年9月,我們一群獎學金生在萊茵河畔的Oberwesel參加一個論壇,主題是「亞洲的人權問題」。這本來就是一個很敏感和很讓中國人反感的話題,但是一年12次論壇總得參加一次,這是唯一與亞洲有關的議題(可見在西方人心中亞洲的形象如何),所以還是勉強來參加了。據說將有一個波恩大學的教授要來做一個專題報告《中國人權》,kao…

比這更噁心的還在後面。在這個教授作報告之前一天,論壇主辦者突然通知,在這個專題報告之後,專門給中國學生半小時的時間,回應「奧運會與中國人權」的議題。事先為什麼不通知?因為他們知道,如果他們提前就通知,中國人一定會蒐集很多的資料,把他們駁得顏面掃地。

但是他們錯了。我們中國學生晚上緊急討論。以我為首的鷹派要以激烈的言辭「戰鬥」,而其他眾人大部分是鴿派,主張以溫和的言語來「溝通」。雙方各執己見,於是鷹派和鴿派各準備大約10分鐘的演講,到時以鴿派開頭,然後鷹派補充攻擊。

於是,我們從11點寫到凌晨4點。鴿派代表ZL用德文寫,而我的德文不好,又未帶字典,因此直接以英文寫成,反正他們都會說英文。

第二天,波恩大學的這個漢學教授來做報告了,照例又是把《中國人權狀況白皮書》批了一通。我根本就懶得去聽。一來我的德語不好,聽起來不是不行,但很費勁;二是狗嘴裡吐不出象牙來,聽完他的開場我就知道他後面要怎麼展開了;三是晚上準備演講稿太晚,要保存體力以便後面繼續戰鬥。那個教授唾沫橫飛地講了一個半小時,然後便是我們的部分了。

鴿派的溫和發言當然沒有什麼特別的轟動,接下來便是我的激烈攻擊了。



以下是我的演講稿全文加上中文翻譯。由於演講稿直接以英文寫成,翻譯時為力求貼近原文,採用了一些非標準中文表達的方式,而儘量不用意譯。

1 Historic review

Human right problem of China became a focal point to criticize China only after the foundation of PRC. This was based on severe ideological conflict. When china became a rising power, the western countries consider China as a strong potential enemy. Human right becomes an important civil weapon against China.



2 Malicious strategy of the US

Since the iron curtain was established after the Second World War, the US started to lead the western party, fighting for its own global strategic profit against the communistic world. After the disassembly of USSR, China became the only remaining potential enemy power against American global supremacy. The US established a malicious strategy, putting china into a dilemma.
First, the US wanted to repeat the victory against the USSR – to force China racing on armament. To achieve this, they apply deterrent (threatening) against china with extensive military pressure. China was forced to develop its economy and military force as fast as possible. China made his best to make economic and military wonder, but the price for this ultimate efficiency was the depression of social morality, unjust and severe environmental pollution.
Then, the US used the human rights as a moral weapon. In one aspect, the human right was an effective factor to establish solidarity all over the world against china. In western world, the mentality was similar. Western people tend to pay more attention on individual rights. With this method, the whole western world, from government to people, can be united against Chinese government. In another aspect, the overflow of the criticism against human rights in china can provoke the attention of the Chinese people on the accumulating unjust. This decreases the trust of people to the government, accumulating the anti-governmental force.
The power of china is based on its united reign and stable social community. In Chinese history, none of the dynasties died because of being invaded. They died because of the unstable society, and the invasions were just catalyst. If the anti-governmental force is strong enough, the current Chinese government will be undermined, and this biggest potential enemy will be turned into a new colony of western countries. This is proven by the history.

3 Popular psychology of western people

Western culture was based on nomad culture. A very dominant feature of nomad culture is that when a tribe is strong enough, he will definitely invade other tribes to control more territories and more resources, because they will soon deplete their own resources in a limited time. This means that every rising power will be a future enemy. Actually, the history of china proved that china, based on agricultural culture, has never invaded other countries for more territories or resources. But as western people don't understand this because of the different basis of culture, severe misunderstanding exists.
Nomad cultures believe in jungle rule, while agricultural cultures don't. Based on this, the colonization history provides the western people an important mentality: superiority over Chinese people (as well as almost all the asian people). Because of this superiority and arrogance, they don't want to make effort to understand asian cultures.
But the rapid development of china challenges the superiority of western people. The daily life of western people is largely dependent on China. The economy of western countries (especially Europe) is closely connected with China. Nowadays, China is independent of western countries on most high technologies. If you don't sell a product to China, Chinese people will make it (even better ones) in a short time. If you don't sell a resource to China, we can find enough in our huge territory. This kind of asymmetrical dependence, i.e. western countries depend on China while China is relatively independent on western countries, raised huge panic of western people.
Because of the misunderstanding of Chinese culture, western people believe that china is no more a potential enemy, but a practical enemy, an enemy against their superiority. No one wants his enemy to live happily. However, the life of western people is highly dependent on China. They don't have enough ability to change the situation in the near future. So they dare not to see that China is already strong and prominent. They dare not to confess that they are being exceeded by China. They dare not to confess that any change on Chinese policy will deeply affect their life. They dare not to see that China is developing. In a word, they dare not to admit the fact that the former 「lower class」 China, is defeating them. So they have to filter out all the positive facts in China. They want to collect all the dark side of China to persuade themselves that 「China is still very bad」. This ostrich psychology can only relieve themselves from panic for a short while.
The best proof is that in the 1980s, when China is still very poor, and the ideological conflict was largely relieved, there were very less criticism on human rights problems in China. When the time flies, in 1990s, there were more and more criticisms on human right problems.

4 Globalization: strike to the self-confidence of western people

It seems unbelievable, but it's true.
A couple of years ago, Hamburg lowered the salary standard of workers. The reason was that some big companies wanted to move their factories to China, resulting tens of thousands of unemployment in Hamburg. Everyone knows that China is the world factory because we have cheaper workers. The Hamburg workers have to lower their salary in order to keep their job. This is just an example of the general lowering of salaries in all western countries. This is a natural result of globalization, because globalization makes the whole world as an entire market. But lowering the salary means lowering the living standards. Of course the western people complain. It's very likely that they believe that China is the reason why they live worse than before.
Actually, the western companies in China make many serious human rights problems:
They force Chinese workers to work 18 hours a day, 7 days a week.
They pollute the environment in China.
They give extremely less salary to the workers, without paying any social insurance.
They lower the protection of the workers, resulting many irreversible industrial diseases, but the companies refuse to be responsible for that.
Obviously, these problems are based on the greedy western capitalists, not China. They want to make more money, but they cause serious human rights in China, and also cause problems in western countries. Of course, these greedy capitalists won't confess that they are guilty for that. In their own country, they mislead the public opinion against China.
Since they have caused a lot of human rights problems in China, this is a good excuse to blame China.
Because of the historic and practical reasons, the western world, from government to people, would like to criticize China, especially on the human rights problems. Their aim of criticism is not to help Chinese people to live happier, but to try to make China poorer, less stable, less efficient, less developed, less challenging, less competent, and so on.

5 Sovereignty is the basis of human rights

The very basic human rights are the rights of survive, the right of development, and the right to keep his own dignity. The first line of german constitution is 「The dignity of human beings is protected.」 Without these very basic human rights, the other human rights are just Utopia.
In a country without its own sovereignty, the people there don't have those very basic human rights. We see the real examples in the history:
The US said that they wanted to bring human rights to Kosovo and Iraq. The US defeated their government and controlled those areas. But in those areas, do the inhabitants get more rights? They worry if they will be robbed or killed tomorrow. The US soldiers can torture man freely, rape women freely. That is the life without sovereignty.
If these areas are so far away from us, let's see the history of Germany in 1949-1950. An old german lady told me a story. After Germany was defeated, the French soldiers controlled her hometown. The germans didn't have any rights. If the French soldiers were unhappy, they can catch any german freely and torture him or her, just for fun. The French soldiers lived in their beautiful house, and her family was driven into the small, cold and humid basement. She got serious problems in all of her joints – arthritis, till now. The French soldiers robbed her food. So her family was very often starved. Her neighbor was even starved to death. No one cares. Till now, this lady is still afraid of fireworks, because this will revoke her tragic memory. That is the life without sovereignty.
Besides the French soldiers, the Soviet soldiers raped over 2 million german women, according to the incomplete statistics. That is the life without sovereignty.
China suffered this kind of tragedy 70 years ago. We never forget that miserable history, and we don't want that this tragedy happens again to us. We don't want to be the second Kosovo, the second Iraq, or the second Germany, because we don't want a life without our own sovereignty.
Yes, you can write a long list, listing huge amount of cases that the individual human rights were broken in China. But this is much better than the semi-colony period. At least, now we have our very basic rights. Our rights to survive and rights of dignity are secured by our military force.


6 Force is everything

Basically, Chinese culture is based on agricultural culture. This basis determines that China won't be an invading country; China won't be an enemy against anyone, even when it's strong. But the western countries forced us to join the game of their jungle rule. Just like Napoleon's famous sentence 「China is a sleeping lion. Don't wake him up.」 The western countries forced us to wake up. And this lion roars.
In this world, if we come to the international affairs, we clearly see that there is no virtue and morality. The only determinant is the force. Of course, this force includes military, economy and culture. Now China is accumulating strong force, and the other asian countries are also developing. The Asian power is rising in the world.
The US also has many serious human rights problems. They might be just a little bit better than in China – if at all. Why the criticism against American human rights problems is so less in the world, comparing to the criticisms against China? Very simple, because the US is very powerful, much more powerful than any other current power in the world. So, according to the western philosophy and history, the best way of China to get rid of the criticism is that we develop our country until we are much stronger than any western country. At that time, it's our turn to criticize the western countries on the human rights, and no one dares to criticize us.

Yes, we have problems. But we develop. Not like the western countries, we don't have colonies all over the world. We have to accumulate every single cent by our effort. We will solve these problems, but not immediately, not under the pressure of western countries. We will solve these problems by ourselves.
We live happily in Asia. We live happily without you western countries. We welcome the communication with good will, of course. But we have to keep our sovereignty, because this is the basis of all the other human rights. We have our own culture and we have our own standards. We don't have to accept your standards. We have our own way to develop. We don't have to follow your way. The history has proven many times: China is a very good friend to the friendly people, but will be definitely a nightmare to hostility.
If you really want to do something to help China to improve the human rights, please do three things:

1.Stop your prejudice and hostility. Throw away your arrogance.

2.Come to respect, understand and experience our culture deeply.

3.Make the US less hostile to China.

If you can't do these, you, the western countries, should better shut up. You won't make things better. This is none of your business.

Human right is not an issue to discuss. Human right is an issue to fight for.



【中文譯文】

1 歷史回顧

人權問題成為指責中國的焦點,是在中華人民共和國成立之後。當時,這是因為嚴重的意識形態衝突。當中國逐漸強大的時候,西方國家便把中國看成一個潛在的勁敵。人權成為西方國家攻擊中國的一個重要武器。



2 美國的險惡用心

冷戰的鐵幕建立之後,美國開始為著自己的全球利益領導西方資本主義陣營,與共產主義陣營鬥爭。蘇聯解體之後,中國成為世界上僅存的可以挑戰美國全球霸權的力量。美國於是開始進行一項戰略部署,欲陷中國於兩難境地中。

首先,美國希望重複和平演變蘇聯的成功經驗,逼迫中國也參加軍備競賽。為了達到這個目標,美國圍繞中國不斷施加強大的軍事壓力和威脅。於是,中國被迫盡快發展經濟和軍事力量。中國也的確全力發展經濟和軍備,其速度之快堪稱奇蹟,但這極端效率的代價則是對社會道德的壓制、不公平和嚴重的環境污染。

然後,美國就用人權作為道德武器。一方面,人權問題是一個團結反華陣營的有效因素。西方世界人們的思想方式相近,人們傾向於更多的關注個人利益而不是群體利益。因此,用人權(個人權利)作幌子,可以很容易的從政府到人民地團結起整個西方世界,使之反對中國政府。另一方面,對中國人權的連篇累牘的攻擊會喚起中國民眾對愈演愈烈的社會不公平現象的注意,因而造成人民對政府的不信任和不滿。這在民間便可以積聚反政府力量。

中國力量的基礎在於統一的王權和安定的社會。在中國歷史上,沒有哪一個王朝因為外敵入侵而覆滅,每個王朝都是因為社會的不穩定而覆滅,而外敵入侵充其量只能算是一個催化劑。如果反政府力量足夠強,現在的中國政府將被顛覆,中國這個西方最大的敵人便可以被重新變成西方的殖民地。在歷史上,這已經有過先例。



3 西方民眾的普遍心理

西方文明基於遊牧文明。遊牧文明的顯著特徵是,當一個部落足夠強大的時候,他一定會侵略鄰近的部落以控制更大的領土和更多的資源,因為他們自己的資源在有限的時間內就將耗盡。也就是說,任何一個正在強大起來的部落或國家,都將必然地成為未來的敵人。事實上,中國的歷史證明了以農耕文明為基礎的中國文明從未侵略過其他的國家以獲取更大的領土或更多的資源。但是西方民眾並不瞭解這些,因為他們不瞭解中國文化——在東西方之間存在著巨大的誤解。

遊牧文明信奉叢林法則,但農耕文明並不。基於這一點,殖民時代的歷史賦予西方民眾一個很普遍的想法:他們自然認為他們擁有對中國人(乃至全體亞洲人)的優越感。因為這種優越感和傲慢,西方民眾根本不願意花精力去瞭解亞洲文化。

但是,中國的快速發展挑戰著西方民眾的優越感,西方民眾的日常生活已經高度依賴於中國,西方國家(尤其是歐洲)的經濟已經與中國緊密相連。如今,中國在大多數高科技領域已經不依賴於西方國家。如果你不賣給中國某種產品,中國人民在短時間內就可以研製出同樣甚至更好的產品。這種不對稱的依賴性,即西方對中國的高度依賴和中國對西方的不依賴,在西方民眾心中引了巨大的恐慌。

由於對中國文化的誤解,西方民眾認為中國已經不是潛在的敵人,而是現實的敵人,是挑戰他們優越感的現實的敵人。沒有人希望他的敵人活得好好的,但西方民眾的生活高度依賴於中國,他們也沒有能力在短期內改變這一現狀。所以,他們不敢正視中國已經強大,並且還在欣欣向榮的現實;他們不敢承認他們正在被中國超越;他們不敢承認中國政策的每一個變化都可能影響到他們的日常生活;他們不敢正視中國正在發展。一句話,他們不敢承認以前「低等」的中國,正在打敗他們。因此,他們不得不過濾掉中國的所有正面信息。他們有意收集中國的黑暗面來說服他們自己「中國仍然非常差勁」。然而,這種鴕鳥心理只能在短時間內稍稍緩解一下他們心中的恐懼。

關於這一點最好的證明:在1980年代,當中國仍然貧窮的時候,即便當時仍然存在著較大的意識形態的衝突,西方對中國人權的指責也很少見到。然而到了90年代,中國日新月異地發展,對於中國人權的指責就一下子多了起來。



4 全球化對西方民眾自信心的打擊

聽起來有些奇怪,但這是真實的。

幾年前,漢堡的工人主動要求降低工資。原因是,一些大公司要把工廠搬到中國去,這將造成成千上萬的德國工人失業。地球人都知道中國是世界工廠,因為中國的勞動力比歐美要便宜得多。漢堡的工人不得不主動要求降低工資,來保住他們的工作。而這僅僅是西方社會工資整體水平降低的一個例子罷了。這是全球化的必然結果之一,因為全球化將整個世界變成了一個統一的市場。顯然,降低工資意味著降低生活水平,西方民眾當然會抱怨。他們很容易就相信,正是因為中國,他們的生活今不如昔。

實際上,正是西方國家在中國製造了大量的人權問題:

-他們強迫中國工人每天工作18個小時,每週工作7天。

-他們污染了中國的環境。

-他們給中國工人極低的工資,也不給中國工人支付任何保險。

-他們不給中國工人以足夠的勞動保護,造成許多的工傷和不可逆轉的職業病,但企業拒絕支付任何補償費用。

非常明顯,這些問題的根源在於貪婪的西方資本家,而不在中國。他們想多賺錢,但他們在中國造成了嚴重的人權問題,同時在西方國家也造成了問題。當然,那些貪婪的資本家並不會承認他們對此負有罪責。在他們的國家裡,他們將公眾輿論誤導,攻擊中國。

由於他們已經在中國造成了許多人權問題,這正是一個詆毀中國的好藉口。


由於歷史和現實原因,西方世界從政府到人民,喜歡批評中國,尤其在人權問題上。這種批評並不是為了要幫助中國人民生活得更快樂,而是為了讓中國更加窮困、更不穩定、更加沒有效率、更不發達、更加沒有競爭力……



5 主權是人權的基石

最基本的人權是生存權、發展權和擁有尊嚴的權利。德國基本法(德國憲法)的第一條就是「人的尊嚴不可侵犯」。沒有這些最基本的人權,其他的人權只不過是烏托邦而已。

在一個沒有自己主權的國家,人們並不會享有這些最基本的人權。我們來看看歷史上活生生的例子:

美國聲稱他們將把人權帶給科索沃和伊拉克。美國顛覆了這些國家的政府、控制了他們的地盤。但在這些地方,那些居民有沒有得到更多的權利?他們天天要擔心明天是否會被搶劫或者殺害。美國士兵可以隨意虐待男人、強姦女人。這就是沒有主權的生活。

如果說,這些地方離我們的生活太遙遠,我們就來看看1949-1950年的德國歷史。一個德國老婦人給我講了她的故事。德國戰敗後,法國士兵控制了她的家鄉,德國人毫無權利可言。如果法國士兵心情不好,他們可以隨便在街上抓住一個德國人,隨意虐待以取樂。法國士兵強佔了她們漂亮的房子,她一家被趕到狹小、陰冷又潮濕的地下室。她全身的關節因此得上了關節炎,直到今日也無法好轉。法國士兵搶她的食物,因此他們一家常常挨餓。她的鄰居甚至因此而餓死。沒有人會在乎。直到今天,這位老婦人仍然害怕焰火,因為焰火的聲音會激起她那段悲慘的回憶。這就是沒有主權的生活。

除了法國士兵,根據不完全記載,蘇聯紅軍強姦了超過200萬德國婦女。這就是沒有主權的生活。

中國70年前也遭受過這樣的苦難。我們永遠不會忘記那段悲慘的歷史,我們也永遠不想讓這悲慘的歷史在我們身上重現。我們不想成為第二個科索沃,第二個伊拉克,第二個德國,因為我們不想要一個沒有主權的生活!

是的,你們可以寫出一個長長的清單,列舉種種中國個體人權受到損害的例子,但這已經比中國半殖民地的時期要好上太多太多了。至少,我們現在擁有基本的人權,我們的生存權和尊嚴權能夠由我們的軍隊來保衛。



6 國力就是一切

從根本上來說,中華文化植根於農耕文明。這個基礎決定了中國不會成為一個侵略性的國家。中國不會成為任何一個國家的敵人,即便中國強大起來也是如此。但是西方國家強迫中國加入他們的叢林法則遊戲。正如拿破崙的經典名言:「中國是一頭睡獅,不要驚醒他。」西方國家強迫中國醒過來,現在這頭雄獅怒吼了!

在這個世界上,當我們把眼光放在國際事務上時,我們可以清楚地看到,根本就不存在什麼仁義道德,唯一的決定性因素就是國力。當然,這個國力包含了軍事力量、經濟力量和文化力量。現在,中國在逐漸積攢其強大的力量,其他的亞洲國家也在發展中。亞洲的力量正在上升。

美國自己也有嚴重的人權問題,充其量也就比中國好一點點而已(如果它真的比中國好的話)。為什麼美國的人權問題就沒聽到誰去批評,而中國的人權問題被指責得這麼多?非常簡單,因為美國很強大,比現在世界上任何其他力量都要強大。因此,按照西方的哲學和歷史,中國擺脫人權指責的最好方法就是發展自身,發展到比西方任何國家都要強大得多。那時候,就輪到中國來指責西方的人權問題,而沒有人敢指責中國了。



是的,我們有人權問題,但是我們在發展。不像西方國家那樣,我們沒有滿世界的殖民地,我們的每一分錢都要靠我們自己辛勞積攢。我們會解決這些問題,但不是立刻,也不是在西方國家的壓力之下。我們會自己解決問題。

我們在亞洲生活得很好,沒有你們西方國家我們一樣活得很好。我們當然歡迎善意地溝通,但我們必須保持我們的主權,因為這是一切人權的基礎。我們有我們自己的文化,我們有我們自己的標準,我們並不必須接受你們的標準。我們有自己的發展之路,並不必須按照你們指定的路。歷史已經多次證明,中國對友好的人是非常好的朋友,然而對敵對勢力則會是絕對的噩夢。

如果你真的想幫助中國改善人權,請做三件事情:

1.放下你們的偏見和敵意,扔掉你們的高傲。

2.深深地尊敬、理解和體驗我們的文化。

3.讓美國對中國的敵意降低。

如果你們不能做到這些,你們這些西方國家最好給我閉嘴。你們不會把事情變好,中國的人權根本不關你們的事情。

人權,不是跟你們討論出來的,而是跟你們鬥爭出來的。


我氣宇軒昂地講完演講,台下二三十位來自亞洲的獎學金生發出雷鳴般的掌聲。那個波恩大學的教授非常沒面子,想反駁我但是又不知道怎麼反駁,只好一邊分析我的演講一邊找漏洞。結果分析了半個小時,最後的結論是我說的都是對的。(廢話,都是歷史,尤其是揭德國傷疤的歷史)然後轉而去抓住鴿派演講中的一個漏洞大加攻擊。呵呵,果然是欺軟怕硬啊。

下午是對上午報告的討論,主題是「國際環境之下的人權」。kao,又是這麼噁心的題目。教授講了半個小時,輪到我發言,我就說了三句話,一個標準的三段論邏輯:

1. 人權的基礎是道義。
2. 在國際事務中,沒有仁義道德,只有國家利益。
3. 因此,在國際環境之下,根本談不上人權。

這個教授又被震了一下,然後分析了15分鐘企圖找到我的漏洞,然而最後他不得不同意我的觀點。

大家可以想像後來的討論變成了什麼樣子。過了不久,這個教授推說要趕火車,灰溜溜地夾起皮包溜掉了。


我的文章和三段論邏輯,大家可以廣泛應用在批駁西方對中國的人權攻擊上,尤其對德國人有用(大揭德國人的傷疤,談主權問題,德國靠邊站)。人權,不是和他們討論出來的,而是跟他們鬥爭出來的。



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http://dzh.mop.com/topic/readSub_6365610_0_0.html

明月照紗窗,個個孔明諸葛亮

前些年,澳門楹聯學會兩位會員曾聯合懸賞,出句是:

         明月照紗窗,個個孔明諸葛亮;

此聯相傳為清代乾隆大學士紀曉嵐所出,原聯無「明」字,爾後有好事者為增其難度的情趣,又在句首增一「明「字,遂使其成為歷時三百年來未獲佳偶的絕對。征聯甫出,海峽兩岸楹友躁動,惜未發現匹想者,只是評出了六條「較佳」下聯。有「直臣罹鐵網,官官子直令狐綯」,「德門傳禮記,篇篇敬德尉遲恭」等數條,因而澳門楹聯學會不得不從以前的六千港元獎金提到三萬港元,再次懸賞征聯,後來有人對句:「長空飄瑞雪,霏霏翔宇周〈!-->恩來」。但不足之處在於諸葛亮複姓單名,周〈!-->恩來單姓復名,並忽略了「孔明諸葛亮」這一字與姓名的巧妙組合,不但相互之間詞意相關,絲絲相扣,而且與「紗窗」這一特定事物關照熨貼。金伯弢先生後來在自己的一篇文章中撰出此聯對句:
       清風沐鳳閣,處處常清上官正。
  鳳閣:唐高宗、武宗、玄宗三朝曾將「掌軍國之政令」、「佐天子而執大政」之「中書省」改稱鳳閣。上官正:宋代開封人,複姓上官,單名正,字常清,曾平西川有功,累官西川招討使,左龍武大將軍。這條對句的大意是:假若國家最高權力決策機構能沐浴在清廉之風中,制定頒布政令處處時時堅持清正廉潔,那麼位居百姓上屬的官吏們也就不能不正派清廉。以「清風」對「明月」,「鳳閣」對「紗窗」,「處處」對「個個」,「上官正」對「諸葛亮」,對工整齊,寓意合理,只是「常」對「孔」在詞性上略顯小疵,但仍稱得上是該聯的較佳對句。

  五 洲 華 人 弘 揚 國 粹 的 盛 舉

           ——為全球「絕對求偶」活動而作

  甲戌年,澳門楹聯界的朋友們以二百年前的一比孤聯徵偶。起先只是在澳門本埠開展;繼而消息傳到鄰近澳門的地區,深圳、佛山、廣州等地陸續加入了澳門的征聯活動;接踵而來的更有其他省市如湖南、上海等地的群眾和專家投稿響應;北起黑龍江,南至雲南,西到新疆,整個神州大地幾乎到處都有人投入這項征聯活動。征聯之舉驚動了世界,五大洲的華僑也都有應徵稿件寄往澳門。征聯活動的限期已滿,然而欲罷不能,一再延期,直到延之不能再延的時候,已經收到征聯七萬餘比了。澳門楹聯學會是個業餘性質的學術社團,其成員均有正職在身,其組織並無分文經費,即使應付兩萬餘封回函的郵資也拿不出來。然而小城卻不乏熱衷於傳統文化的「熱心分子」,他們為這次征聯活動捐贈了必要的經費,兩位醫生起初出資港幣六千元,後來一位女實業家加入,增至港幣三萬元作為「佳偶獎」的獎金。

  這究竟是一比甚麼樣的孤聯?相傳清代乾隆時期《四庫全書》總纂官紀曉嵐曾經狂稱天下無不可對之對,其妻便出了這個上聯詰之,曰:月照紗窗,個個孔明諸葛亮。這一聯果然難倒了文思敏捷的大才子。後來又有人在「月」前加一「明」字,更給撰寫下聯的人增添了難度。

  「明月照紗窗,個個孔明諸葛亮」寫的是一個古老的題材:月夜的景色。明月照進紗窗,每一個窗孔都被照明,許多個樓閣(葛諧閣音)都被照亮。好一片月光照耀下的銀色世界。就意境而言,這個五言加七言的句子只可算作「一般」,就其語文運用的技巧而言,卻可用「高難度」形容了。其高難之處主要在「個個孔明諸葛亮」七字上。「個個孔明」全等於「諸葛(閣)亮」,而「諸葛亮」系一人名,「孔明」乃是「亮」的表字。它們之間的關係與排序可以表述為:字+複姓+名。而在字義方面,「個個」與複姓的第一字「諸」相當,「孔」與複姓第二字「葛」同類。另外還有平仄相間的語音格局,其要求是:
  明月照紗窗,個個孔明諸葛亮
  仄仄仄平平,仄仄平平平仄仄
  平平平仄仄,平平仄仄仄平平
  對於偶聯在音義方面的要求很容易求得共識,澳門楹聯學會理事長鄧景濱先生提出的五條標準早為同好者們接受。這五條標準是:一、符合對聯的基本要求(字數相等,句式相同,詞性相對,平仄相諧,聯意相關);二、運用重字技巧,首字與第九字同;三、末五字運用諧音手法,聯意相關;四、末五字為「二二一」句式,且具備一定的相應關係;五、聯意自然暢順,能與上聯匹配。應徵者們都以「孔明諸葛亮」作為突破口,假如妙手對出了這五個字,佳偶即可問世。於是,複姓的歷史人物紛紛登上了二十世紀九十年代的聯壇,例如敬德尉遲恭、子長司馬遷、表聖司空圖、子直令狐绹、永叔歐陽修、元讓夏侯惇、子石公孫龍……不一而足;甚至單姓也不落後:香山白樂天、逸少王羲之、畹華梅蘭芳、翔宇周〈!-->恩來……然而所有這些都是刻意之作,幾乎不見天成者。歷時一年零兩個月的征聯活動結束,最終還是選不出「佳偶」三萬元獎金依舊懸空。評選活動的主事者們從七萬比應徵的下聯中選出十一比,頒之以「鼓勵獎」,算是對征聯活動作了交代。
  十一比鼓勵作品中以此次征聯發起地的聯家作品為首選。澳門潘倫山聯曰:
  豔陽懸繡戶,朝朝妝豔慕容芳
  這一比能與上聯配成較統一的意境,上聯描繪月色,下聯勒畫陽光,你寫明月,我寫豔陽。這一比的成功之處主要表現在「字+複姓+名」能與上下文相諧,強擰或硬加的味道較淡,(不像「敬德尉遲恭」中的尉遲簡直不可解。)「慕容」者,「慕其容貌也」,因其容貌「莊豔」而愛慕之。吾友林佐瀚詞長著眼於意境的更高層次,提議改「懸繡戶」為「窺繡鏡」,並囑我闡發他的見解。我以為林氏果然點石成金,一個「窺鏡」賦予靜態的豔陽以鮮活的生命,連豔陽都要朝朝來窺這位鏡中的主人,你說她的容貌值不值得愛慕?
  澳門甲戌年征聯活動至此塵埃落定,然而歷史的懸案並未了結,征聯活動必將繼續下去,因為這比孤聯以其特定的民族文化的內容牽動著億萬炎黃子孫的心弦,而對聯這種具有獨特民族形式、被譽為「國粹」的藝術品種又為華裔子孫喜聞樂見。澳門發起的這次征聯活動即已充分表現了中華民族這種極其強大的凝聚力。
  而從藝術創作的角度觀察,征聯活動吸引或調動了五大洲的華人投入對聯創作的實踐,收到了預想不到的效果。孤聯或上聯只有十二個字,然而其藝術的蘊藏卻豐富無比:除了平仄相間完全合乎近體詩的格局,詞義上還有人名與表字的同義呼應,「明」與「亮」甚至可以相配成詞。「孔明」之孔原系表程度的副詞,聯中卻當解為「窗孔」之孔,作者巧妙地運用同音詞語造成奇特的修辭效果。此外還有重字、疊音構成語流的迴蕩,姓名中散發著諧音之美,偶聯更有擬人手法的運用。總之,十二字的上聯和二十四字一副完整的上下聯是一件濃縮了多種手法於其中的藝術精品。澳門征聯為五洲華人弘揚國粹、共同創造這一藝術精品提供了機緣與園地。
  筆者以熱心分子與後期評判的身份有幸參與其盛,受益良多,曾有一絕和一聯贈澳門楹聯界的賢達。其絕曰:
  一比孤聯千口和,九州競唱孔明歌;
  弄潮不讓錢塘水,鏡海情牽四海波。
  其聯曰:
  雖說彫蟲小技可為陋室蝸居生色金鑾寶殿增輝怎可說他彫蟲小技;
  且看環宇大千能教黎民百姓牽魂遊子裔孫尋夢方能看我環宇大千。
(作者:澳門大學中文系教授 程祥徽)

  十一比獲鼓勵獎征聯
  明月照紗窗,個個孔明諸葛亮;
  紫星懸碧落,年年觀紫獨孤紅。
      (上海·劉竹青)

  明月照紗窗,個個孔明諸葛亮;
  嫵容臨皓魄,條條眉嫵百宜嬌。
      (湖北·葉文治)

  明月照紗窗,個個孔明諸葛亮;
  美廚調法菜,盤盤羹美歐陽鮮。
      (湖南·劉雲中)

  明月照紗窗,個個孔明諸葛亮;
  雨亭迎晚藹,朝朝子雨慕容雲。
      (深圳·許向東)

  明月照紗窗,個個孔明諸葛亮;
  野煙迷嶺石,茫茫鉅野咸丘蒙。
      (南海·潘華)

  明月照紗窗,個個孔明諸葛亮;
  德神當戶衛,門門敬德尉遲恭。
      (廣東·胡宏)

  明月照紗窗,個個孔明諸葛亮;
  利毫揮偶對,聯聯吉利夏侯操。
      (深圳·梁成瑜)

  明月照紗窗,個個孔明諸葛亮;
  讓王傾玉斗,回回元讓夏侯惇。
      (廣西·郭君禧)

  明月照紗窗,個個孔明諸葛亮;
  怨懷次玉笛,聲聲閨怨吳佳期。
      (加拿大·王炳源)

  明月照紗窗,個個孔明諸葛亮;
  綠波浮水藻,團團萍綠滿江紅。
      (美國·區澤)

  明月照紗窗,個個孔明諸葛亮;
  豔陽懸繡戶,朝朝妝豔慕容芳。
      (澳門·潘侖山)

1 則留言:

  1. Hello, I have created a facebook page for Mr. Shiu
    Can i post the content of your blog in Mr. Shiu's facebook page?
    http://www.facebook.com/pages/Shiu-Yeuk-Yuen/24875097544

    Thx a lot

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